One in ten women surveyed in Niger Delta was either raped or survived a rape attempt last year in the Niger Delta.
More women were raped in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria than any
other part of the country last year, a recent crime survey published by
CLEEN Foundation has said.
The survey, National Crime Victimization and Safety survey, said that
one in every 10 women were either raped or victims of attempted rape in
the region last year.
The Niger Delta region is Nigeria’s crude oil production hub and is
recovering from militancy that plagued the region in the years leading
up to 2010 when the government declared amnesty for armed youths in the
region.
The incidence of rape in the region was higher than the national
average by 100 per cent. The survey showed that the national average of
victims was five per cent – one in every 20 women surveyed.
The survey also shows that the national incidence of rape almost doubled from three per cent in 2011 to five per cent in 2013.
“The incidence of rape has been on the increase from 3 per cent in
2011 to 5 percent 2013 within its geopolitical zones,’’ the report said
With 10 per cent incident of rape or attempted rape, the South South
region could be described as the rape capital of Nigeria followed by the
North East – 6 per cent. The South West region and North West region
had rape incidence rate of one in every 25 women – four percent each.
The North Central followed with three per cent – one in every 33
women polled. The South East had the lowest incidence rate of one in
every 100 women.
Most of the victims – 36 per cent – told CLEEN Foundation they were
raped near their homes. Another 19 per cent said they were attacked “at
their homes” while 13 per cent said they were attacked in schools or
workplace.
‘‘Respondent was further asked how widespread the incidence of rape
was. 10 per cent believed it was very widespread, 33 per cent said it
happened occasionally, 48 per cent believe it was non existence while
nine per cent said they do not know ,’’ the report said.
Under Reported
Women rights campaigners believe that the rising incident of rape is
buoyed by increased reporting of cases but that the true rate of rape is
far higher than the survey reports.
“Whatever is reported is half the actual occurrence,” Dorothy
Njemanze, a Nollywood star who took up fighting the cause of victimized
women after she was harassed by environmental officials in Abuja, said.
She argued that the incidence could have been buoyed by a mix of Nigeria’s value system, judicial system and beliefs.
“If offenders are not punished, it will embolden more offenders,” she said.
Last year, a video of four men, believed to be students of Abia State
University, raping a young woman went viral online, but the police
could not take it any further. The victim also refused to own up.
Ms. Njemanze believes that the judicial system in Nigeria is skewed
to favour offenders and lack the ability to serve justice to victims and
discourage offenders.
A Lagos based feminist, Ogechi Ekeanyanwu, advocated for a fast trial
for rapists as a deterrent. She said rapists must be punished and the
insistence of evidence of rape by law enforcers should be dropped.
“If a rape victim reports, she must be treated with dignity…. the
situation were rape victims are blamed for whatever reason must be
stopped and rapists must be punished expediently”.
“Stricter laws should be put in place to discourage rape in Nigeria,” Ms. Ekeanyanwu said.
She argued that the misogyny, the patriarchal system, and the
objectification of women have contributed to the rise in rape incidents
in Nigeria.
“When women are seen as Objects to be subdued, an extreme result is the spate of rape such as we see now.”
Source: premiumtimes
Friday 25 October 2013
Wednesday 23 October 2013
“Cleening” the police
The report of a recent survey
conducted by the CLEEN Foundation has again highlighted the tragedy of
the Nigerian state and our so-called war against corruption.
Respondents in the survey indicted several law enforcement agencies including the Police and the anti-graft agency, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, as the most corrupt institutions in Nigeria.
According to the report, our police force topped the list of public institutions where bribery is perceived to be rampant at 33% while the Nigerian Immigration Service followed at 26%, ICPC – 25%, Nigerian Customs Service – 24%, Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) – 23%, EFCC – 23%, Federal Roads Safety Commission – 20%, and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps – 19%.
As shocking as the figures would seem to the uninitiated, especially in the case of the police, the report only re-affirms what many Nigerians already know to be true.
This is not the first report to indict the police this year or even in the past. As far back as 2003, the Nigeria Survey and Corruption Survey Study of the Institute for Development Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, ranked the police as the most corrupt public institution in Nigeria.
Ten years after that damning report of the Institute for Development Research, the police force still remains top on the list of corrupt institutions as the CLEEN Foundation report has shown.
The 2013 Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) report of the Transparency International (TI) corroborates the CLEEN Foundation report. The Transparency International report ranks our police as the most corrupt public institution rating it 4.7 per cent of its score of five per cent which represents “extremely corrupt”.
What is interesting about the CLEEN Foundation survey is the wide scope or respondents interviewed.
In the CLEEN Foundation survey, an impressive number of 11,518 random respondents were interviewed across the nation’s 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. This is opposed to the Transparency International survey which sampled only 1,002 respondents.
The wide reach of the CLEEN Foundation survey and the overwhelming indictment of the police across the nation are indications that public outcry against the police is real and widespread. It is not the sheer imagination of any particular interests as some people in authority would argue.
One wonders when the government will wake up to the reality that its so-called fight against corruption is meaningless where there is widespread bribery and corruption within law enforcement agencies.
If in over 10 years, the police force has failed to come down from its unenviable place on the corrupt institutions ranking, there is little that can convince anyone that its leadership is even trying to deal with the problem.
It would be interesting to have a contrary view from the police leadership especially if such a position is backed by hard evidence of punishment against officers on a scale equivalent or close to the scale of alleged corruption in the force.
We believe that the war against corruption is important and should be taken seriously. Government must purge its law enforcement agencies of corruption if it is to be taken seriously.
The last thing Nigeria needs is a law enforcement system in which small thieves chase after big thieves.
telegraphng
Respondents in the survey indicted several law enforcement agencies including the Police and the anti-graft agency, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, as the most corrupt institutions in Nigeria.
According to the report, our police force topped the list of public institutions where bribery is perceived to be rampant at 33% while the Nigerian Immigration Service followed at 26%, ICPC – 25%, Nigerian Customs Service – 24%, Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) – 23%, EFCC – 23%, Federal Roads Safety Commission – 20%, and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps – 19%.
As shocking as the figures would seem to the uninitiated, especially in the case of the police, the report only re-affirms what many Nigerians already know to be true.
This is not the first report to indict the police this year or even in the past. As far back as 2003, the Nigeria Survey and Corruption Survey Study of the Institute for Development Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, ranked the police as the most corrupt public institution in Nigeria.
Ten years after that damning report of the Institute for Development Research, the police force still remains top on the list of corrupt institutions as the CLEEN Foundation report has shown.
The 2013 Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) report of the Transparency International (TI) corroborates the CLEEN Foundation report. The Transparency International report ranks our police as the most corrupt public institution rating it 4.7 per cent of its score of five per cent which represents “extremely corrupt”.
What is interesting about the CLEEN Foundation survey is the wide scope or respondents interviewed.
In the CLEEN Foundation survey, an impressive number of 11,518 random respondents were interviewed across the nation’s 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. This is opposed to the Transparency International survey which sampled only 1,002 respondents.
The wide reach of the CLEEN Foundation survey and the overwhelming indictment of the police across the nation are indications that public outcry against the police is real and widespread. It is not the sheer imagination of any particular interests as some people in authority would argue.
One wonders when the government will wake up to the reality that its so-called fight against corruption is meaningless where there is widespread bribery and corruption within law enforcement agencies.
If in over 10 years, the police force has failed to come down from its unenviable place on the corrupt institutions ranking, there is little that can convince anyone that its leadership is even trying to deal with the problem.
It would be interesting to have a contrary view from the police leadership especially if such a position is backed by hard evidence of punishment against officers on a scale equivalent or close to the scale of alleged corruption in the force.
We believe that the war against corruption is important and should be taken seriously. Government must purge its law enforcement agencies of corruption if it is to be taken seriously.
The last thing Nigeria needs is a law enforcement system in which small thieves chase after big thieves.
telegraphng
Police rank top in bribery and corruption survey
Anti-corruption and law enforcement agencies have ironically been named as the most corrupt agencies in Nigeria.
According to CLEEN Foundation, these agencies are the Nigeria Police Force, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), with the police ranking top in corruption among the agencies.
This finding was contained in a 2013 National Crime Victimisation and Safety survey conducted by the CLEEN Foundation in collaboration with the Macarthur Foundation.
Ms. Kemi Okonedo, the executive director, CLEEN Foundation, while presenting the result of the survey, said that the findings are not meant to witch-hunt any organisation but is aimed at tracking and reducing crime rate in the country.
She said the survey was conducted with 11,518 respondents drawn from all the states of the country. “The findings of the survey showed that bribery and corruption among government officials in Nigeria remain high. Nearly one out of every four respondents admitted having paid a bribe or having been asked to pay bribes by government officials before services could be rendered to them.
“The 2013 survey also showed that bribery and corruption among public officials such as police, customs officers, court personnel, tax officials, anti-corruption agencies and PHCN employees were higher in Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Anambra and Kwara states. The lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa Ibom states.” She also shed light on the experience of victims of rape, domestic violence, robbery kidnap and murder among others.
Federal government agencies with their officers’ propensity to collect bribes include: police – 33%, immigration – 26%, ICPC – 25%, customs -24%, PHCN – 23%, EFCC- 23%, FRSC- 20% and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence officials (NSCDC) – 19% Tax/revenue officials – 18%, municipal/ local government councillors -18%, State Security Service (SSS) – 18%, National Assembly members – 17%, local government officials – 16%, lower court officials – 15%, higher courts officials – 14%, and lecturers and professors of tertiary institutions make up 10%
Another 10% include post office officials, gas/petrol attendants, prison warden/ officers, primary and secondary school teachers and doctors and nurses.
Attempts to reach the Force PRO, Mr. Frank Mba, were unsuccessful as he is said to currently be out of the country.
telegraphng
According to CLEEN Foundation, these agencies are the Nigeria Police Force, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), with the police ranking top in corruption among the agencies.
This finding was contained in a 2013 National Crime Victimisation and Safety survey conducted by the CLEEN Foundation in collaboration with the Macarthur Foundation.
Ms. Kemi Okonedo, the executive director, CLEEN Foundation, while presenting the result of the survey, said that the findings are not meant to witch-hunt any organisation but is aimed at tracking and reducing crime rate in the country.
She said the survey was conducted with 11,518 respondents drawn from all the states of the country. “The findings of the survey showed that bribery and corruption among government officials in Nigeria remain high. Nearly one out of every four respondents admitted having paid a bribe or having been asked to pay bribes by government officials before services could be rendered to them.
“The 2013 survey also showed that bribery and corruption among public officials such as police, customs officers, court personnel, tax officials, anti-corruption agencies and PHCN employees were higher in Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Anambra and Kwara states. The lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa Ibom states.” She also shed light on the experience of victims of rape, domestic violence, robbery kidnap and murder among others.
Federal government agencies with their officers’ propensity to collect bribes include: police – 33%, immigration – 26%, ICPC – 25%, customs -24%, PHCN – 23%, EFCC- 23%, FRSC- 20% and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence officials (NSCDC) – 19% Tax/revenue officials – 18%, municipal/ local government councillors -18%, State Security Service (SSS) – 18%, National Assembly members – 17%, local government officials – 16%, lower court officials – 15%, higher courts officials – 14%, and lecturers and professors of tertiary institutions make up 10%
Another 10% include post office officials, gas/petrol attendants, prison warden/ officers, primary and secondary school teachers and doctors and nurses.
Attempts to reach the Force PRO, Mr. Frank Mba, were unsuccessful as he is said to currently be out of the country.
telegraphng
Tuesday 22 October 2013
Police, EFCC, Immigration Service, ICPC Top Corruption Ranking
They topped the list of the ranking in a 2013 National Crime
Victimisation and Safety survey conducted by the CLEEN Foundation in
collaboration with the Macarthur Foundation, a copy of which was given
to journalists at a media briefing Monday in Abuja.
The report also identified a weak and corrupt judiciary as some of the
constraints militating against the fight against corruption.
According to the report, some of the states leading in the corruption
index include Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti,
Anambra and Kwara, while the lowest incidences of corruption were
recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa Ibom States.
In her opening remarks during the public presentation of the survey
findings, Executive Director, CLEEN Foundation, Mrs. Kemi Okenyodo, said
the survey was aimed at tracking patterns of crime in the country and
finding solutions to them.
According to Okenyodo, the survey, which was conducted with 11,518
respondents drawn from all the states of the country, shed light on the
experience of victims of rape, domestic violence, robbery, kidnap and
murder, among others.
Some of the federal government agencies listed and their rate of
propensity to bribery include the police - 33%, Nigerian Immigration
Service - 26%, ICPC - 25%, Nigerian Customs Service - 24%, Power Holding
Company of Nigeria (PHCN) - 23%, EFCC - 23%, Federal Roads Safety
Commission - 20%, and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps - 19%.
Others are tax/revenue officials - 18%, municipal/local government
councillors - 18%, State Security Service (SSS) - 18%, National
Assembly members - 17%, local government officials - 16%, lower court
officials - 15%, higher courts officials - 14%, and lecturers and
professors of tertiary institutions - 10%.
Organisations, officials and agencies that scored below 10% on the
index include post office, gas/petrol attendants, prison
warden/officers, primary and secondary school teachers, and doctors and
nurses.
Part of the survey presentation read: “The findings of the survey
showed that bribery and corruption among government officials in Nigeria
remains high. Nearly one out of every four respondents admitted having
paid a bribe or having been asked to pay bribes by government officials
before services could be rendered to them.
“The 2013 survey also showed that bribery and corruption among public
officials such as the police, customs officers, court personnel, tax
officials, anti-corruption agencies and PHCN employees were higher in
Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Anambra and
Kwara States.
“The lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa Ibom States.”
Police, ICPC, EFCC Lead In Corruption Index – Report
The Nigeria Police and the country’s two major anti-corruption agencies, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) have come tops among the federal government agencies presently enmeshed in bribery and corruption.
This was the findings of a 2013 National Crime Victimisation and Safety survey conducted by the CLEEN Foundation in collaboration with the Macarthur Foundation. The report also describes a weak and corrupt judiciary as one of the constraints to the fight against corruption.
According to the reports, some of the states leading in the corruption index include Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Anambra and Kwara while the lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa-Ibom states.
In her opening remarks during the public presentation of the survey’s findings yesterday, CLEEN executive director, Ms Kemi Okonedo, said the survey was aimed to track patterns of crime in the country and find solutions to them.
According to her, the survey, which was conducted with 11,518 respondents drawn from all the states of the country, shed light on the experience of victims of rape, domestic violence, robbery kidnap and murder among others.
Some of the federal government agencies listed and their rate of propensity of their officers to collect bribes are: police - 33%, immigration - 26%, ICPC - 25%, customs -24%, PHCN - 23%, EFCC- 23%, FRSC- 20% and Nigeria Security and Civil Defence officials (NSCDC) - 19%
Others are tax/revenue officials - 18%, municipal/ local government councillors -18%, State Security Service (SSS) - 18%, National Assembly members - 17%, local government officials - 16%, lower court officials - 15%, higher courts officials - 14%, and lecturers and professors of tertiary institutions -10%
Agencies below 10% include post office officials, gas/petrol attendants, prison warden/ officers, primary and secondary school teachers and doctors and nurses.
Part of the survey presentation read: “The findings of the survey showed that bribery and corruption among government officials in Nigeria remain high. Nearly one out of every four respondents admitted having paid a bribe or having been asked to pay bribes by government officials before services could be rendered to them.
“The 2013 survey also showed that bribery and corruption among public officials such as police, customs officers, court personnel, tax officials, anti-corruption agencies and PHCN employees were higher in Rivers, Borno, Cross River, Niger, Gombe, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Anambra and Kwara states. The lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina, Ogun and Akwa Ibom states.”
Source: Leadership
Enugu, crime capital of Nigeria – Survey
Where would you likely be a victim of crime in Nigeria? See the safest and most dangerous states in Nigeria.
Enugu State, in the south east, is the official crime capital of Nigeria, a crime perception survey released on Monday in Abuja has said.
At least 70 per cent of respondents to the survey in Enugu admitted they were victims of crime in the past year, the 2013 National Crime Victimization and Safety Survey conducted by CLEEN Foundation showed.
The national average was 25 per cent – one in every four Nigerian. The survey showed a progressive decrease in the number of victims of crime in Nigeria.
“There has been a six per cent decrease in actual experience of crime from the 31 per cent recorded in 2012 to the current 25 percent,” the report said.
The report surveyed for crimes like robbery, kidnapping, physical assault, phone and car theft, rape and attempted rape, domestic violence, attempted murder and other crimes.
The Crime Victimization Survey used data collected across Nigeria between June and July 2013.
Closely following Enugu State is its neighbour, Ebonyi, where at least 65 per cent – at least three in every five residents – were victims of crime.
Ekiti state, in southwest Nigeria, shares the same crime records with Ebonyi State. More than three in every five respondents admitted they were victims of crime last year.
Ogun State, a neighbour to Lagos is the safest state in Nigeria with only about one in every 20 citizens admitting they were victims of crimes last year.
Katsina State in Northwest Nigeria is the next safest. Only about one in every 10 residents was a victim of crime last year.
Lagos State recorded 18 percent.
Borno and Yobe, despite being the hotbed for Boko Haram attacks recorded seemingly low crime rates, according to the report. Only about one in every four resident admitted being victims of crime last year. Boko Haram militants have murdered over 1,500 people in the states since launching a vicious attack against government establishments, security agencies, religious places and the residents.
At a geopolitical level, the South East recorded the highest number of crimes with 44 per cent of respondents complaining they were victims. The North West recorded the lowest score of 18 per cent crime rate.
On a gender scale, more men than women fell victims of crimes in Nigeria last year.
“Further (segregation) by gender indicates that more men (27%) had actual experience than women (23%),” the report said.
Irony of feeling
Although Ogun State recorded the lowest actual experience of crime, almost everyone in the state fear they would become victims of crime.
The findings of the 2013 survey indicated that 94 per cent of Ogun residents fear they are likely victims of crime. In actual sense, only one in 20 was a victim of crime.
On a national scale, more than 7 out of 10 Nigerians had the fear of becoming victims of crime last year.
The people who feel safest are those in Benue and Taraba States. Only 38 per cent of residents in those state had fears of becoming victims of crime. One in four residents of Benue state were victims of crime last year, and not more than one in every six in Taraba.
“Analysing by gender, 73 percent of females feared becoming victims of crime compared to 71 percent of males,” the report said.
“Overall, these findings are meant to assist the government, police and the entire criminal justice administration system to better understand emerging trends in crime and safety in Nigeria and consequently, to refine and deploy improved strategies to resolve the country’s current challenges of security and safety,” the authors, CLEEN Foundation, said.
The survey was conducted with support from the Macarthur Foundation.
[Download the full report here]
Source: Premiumtimes
Enugu State, in the south east, is the official crime capital of Nigeria, a crime perception survey released on Monday in Abuja has said.
At least 70 per cent of respondents to the survey in Enugu admitted they were victims of crime in the past year, the 2013 National Crime Victimization and Safety Survey conducted by CLEEN Foundation showed.
The national average was 25 per cent – one in every four Nigerian. The survey showed a progressive decrease in the number of victims of crime in Nigeria.
“There has been a six per cent decrease in actual experience of crime from the 31 per cent recorded in 2012 to the current 25 percent,” the report said.
The report surveyed for crimes like robbery, kidnapping, physical assault, phone and car theft, rape and attempted rape, domestic violence, attempted murder and other crimes.
The Crime Victimization Survey used data collected across Nigeria between June and July 2013.
Closely following Enugu State is its neighbour, Ebonyi, where at least 65 per cent – at least three in every five residents – were victims of crime.
Ekiti state, in southwest Nigeria, shares the same crime records with Ebonyi State. More than three in every five respondents admitted they were victims of crime last year.
Ogun State, a neighbour to Lagos is the safest state in Nigeria with only about one in every 20 citizens admitting they were victims of crimes last year.
Katsina State in Northwest Nigeria is the next safest. Only about one in every 10 residents was a victim of crime last year.
Lagos State recorded 18 percent.
Borno and Yobe, despite being the hotbed for Boko Haram attacks recorded seemingly low crime rates, according to the report. Only about one in every four resident admitted being victims of crime last year. Boko Haram militants have murdered over 1,500 people in the states since launching a vicious attack against government establishments, security agencies, religious places and the residents.
At a geopolitical level, the South East recorded the highest number of crimes with 44 per cent of respondents complaining they were victims. The North West recorded the lowest score of 18 per cent crime rate.
On a gender scale, more men than women fell victims of crimes in Nigeria last year.
“Further (segregation) by gender indicates that more men (27%) had actual experience than women (23%),” the report said.
Irony of feeling
Although Ogun State recorded the lowest actual experience of crime, almost everyone in the state fear they would become victims of crime.
The findings of the 2013 survey indicated that 94 per cent of Ogun residents fear they are likely victims of crime. In actual sense, only one in 20 was a victim of crime.
On a national scale, more than 7 out of 10 Nigerians had the fear of becoming victims of crime last year.
The people who feel safest are those in Benue and Taraba States. Only 38 per cent of residents in those state had fears of becoming victims of crime. One in four residents of Benue state were victims of crime last year, and not more than one in every six in Taraba.
“Analysing by gender, 73 percent of females feared becoming victims of crime compared to 71 percent of males,” the report said.
“Overall, these findings are meant to assist the government, police and the entire criminal justice administration system to better understand emerging trends in crime and safety in Nigeria and consequently, to refine and deploy improved strategies to resolve the country’s current challenges of security and safety,” the authors, CLEEN Foundation, said.
The survey was conducted with support from the Macarthur Foundation.
[Download the full report here]
Source: Premiumtimes
Monday 21 October 2013
Public Presentation of Findings of the National Crime Victimization and Safety Survey, 2013 by CLEEN Foundation
Introduction
CLEEN Foundation, with
the support from the Macarthur Foundation, has been conducting Crime
Victimization Surveys in Nigeria since 2005. Victimization surveys have emerged as
extremely efficient method of gaining insight into the trends of crime and
safety in a society. In Nigeria, the
primary aim of the Crime Victimization Survey is first and foremost to
understand the trends and changes in crime in Nigeria. It also enables us to guage the perceptions of
Nigerians on three basic questions:
a) How safe do they feel
in their community?
b) What is their actual
experience of crime?; and
c) What is their
perception of crime prevention efforts in their community?
Understanding that
safety in a community exceeds the mere absence of crime, our survey methodology
was designed to cover the individual, the public and the social architecture
for safety and crime prevention. For
this reason, we cover topics such as road traffic safety, perceptions on
corruption, and criminal justice administration.
This presentation highlights
key findings of the 2013 Crime Victimization Survey using data collected from
fieldwork conducted in June and July 2013. Overall, these findings are meant to assist
the government, police and the entire criminal justice administration system to
better understand emerging trends in crime and safety in Nigeria and
consequently, to refine and deploy improved strategies to resolve the country’s
current challenges of security and safety. It will also be found that in many instances,
we provide a trend analysis of the findings over the last 3 years. We also break down the findings across states
and geopolitical zones, and also highlight the national averages.
Section One: Population, Sampling and Method
This study employed
survey research methodology and is designed to ensure that its findings
adequately reflect the perceptions of Nigerians. The population sample consisted of 11,518
Nigerians equally distributed among male and female adults aged 18 years and
above from all the 36 States in the country and the Federal Capital Territory. The data collection method employed was the
household survey involving face-to-face personal interviews. Respondents were selected through a stratified
multi-stage random sampling procedure in order to achieve a representative
sample. Respondents must have lived in
the selected household for a period of not less than six months.
The fieldwork for the
survey was conducted by Practical Sampling International (PSI), a reputed
research company with a wide experience in quantitative research in the
country. CLEEN Foundation employed
monitors to observe the conduct of the field work as an initial quality control
measure. The data processing was done in collaboration with DC Pro-Data Consult Limited
with supervision by the CLEEN Foundation research team. Data entry, cleaning and analysis was done
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Section Two: Survey Findings
The general findings
of the 2013 Crime Victimization and Safety Survey in the areas of fear of
crime, safety, victimization pattern and trend, corruption trend, road safety,
and performance of the entire criminal justice system are presented below. A comparative analysis of results of previous
surveys is also made to determine the dynamics in crime over time.
1. Fear of Crime
Fear of crime refers
to the fear of becoming a victim of crime. The findings of the 2013 survey indicated that
more than 7 out of 10 Nigerians 72% had the fear of becoming victims of crime. Across States, Ogun and Ondo State recorded
the highest with 94%, while Benue and Taraba State recorded the lowest with 38%.
The national average stood at 72%. Analysing by gender, 73% of females feared
becoming victims of crime compared to 71% of males.
Graph 1: Fear of Crime
2. Actual Experience of Crime
A distinction must be
made between the perception, and the actual experience, of crime. In the dataset, as much as a quarter of respondents,
that is 25%, said that they had been victims of crime during the past year. The findings showed a progressive decrease in the
number of victims of crime in Nigeria. There
has been a 6% decrease in actual experience of crime from the 31% recorded in
2012 to the current 25%. The survey also
indicated that the number of victims of crime was highest in Enugu State with 70%,
followed by Ekiti and Ebonyi State (both 65%). The national average was 25%. Katsina State had 9%, while Ogun had the
lowest score of 5%. Analysing experience
of crime by regions in Nigeria, the South East recorded highest with 44% while the
North West recorded lowest score of 18%. Lagos State also recorded 18%. Further desegregation by gender indicates that
more men (27%) had actual experience than women (23%).
Graph 2: Actual
Experience of Crime
3. Trends Analysis of Criminal Victimization in Nigeria
i. Robbery
Experience of robbery
has increased from 17% in 2012 to 18% in 2013. When disaggregated by States, the results of
the 2013 survey showed that Kaduna State recorded the highest of 43%, followed
by Akwa-Ibom State (42%) and Cross River State (39%), while Jigawa (5%) and
Kano (3%) were among the states with the lowest incidence of robbery. The survey also revealed that security in the
home remains a key challenge, as 37% of robberies occurred in the homes of respondents;
another 26% occurred near the home, while 9% took place in the workplace or
school.
Graph 3: Robbery by
State
ii. Rape and Attempted Rape
5% of respondents stated
that they had been raped or been victims of attempted rape. The analysis according to geopolitical zones
shows that the South South has the highest incidence with 10%, followed by the
North East (6%). The South West and
North West recorded 4% each. The North
Central recorded 3% and South East had the lowest score of 1%. The incidence of rape has been on the increase
from 3% in 2011 to 5% in 2013. When
victims were asked where the rape occurred, 36% said it happened near their own
homes; 19% said it occurred at their homes and 13% said it occurred in the
school or work place. Again the
challenge of security and safety in the homes is explicitly exhibited in rape
case. Respondents were further asked how
widespread the incidence of rape was: 10% believed it was very widespread, 33% said
it happened occasionally, 48% believed it was non-existent while 9% said they
do not know.
Graph 4: Rape /
Attempted Rape
iii. Kidnapping and Attempted Kidnapping
A total of 3% of the
respondents interviewed nationwide said that they had been victims of
kidnapping or attempted kidnapping. The
South West had the highest incidence of kidnapping with 5%, followed by the South
East and South South with 4% each. The North
West and North East each had an incidence of 3%, with the lowest being North Central
at 2%.
Graph 5: Kidnapping /
Attempted Kidnapping
iv. Physical Assault
33% of respondents said
they had been victim of physical assault in the 2013 survey. Some states, Enugu
(84%), Ebonyi (77%), Rivers (58%), and Anambra (50%) recorded a high incidence
of physical assault compared to other states such as Ogun (38%), Taraba (36%), Lagos
(35%) and Kogi (34%). The FCT recorded
an increase from 15% in 2012 to 24% in 2013. Some states such as Kano recorded a decrease
from 14% in 2012 to 3% in 2013. In Niger
State, physical assault fell from 68% in 2012 to 6% in 2013; and in Jigawa
State, it fell from 23% in 2012 to 8% in 2013.
Graph 6: Physical
Assault by State
v. Domestic Violence
Nearly one in every
three respondents (30%) admitted having been a victim of domestic violence. Over the last 3 years, there has been an
increase in domestic violence. There was
a progressive increment from 21% in 2011 to 31% in 2012 with a 1% decrease in the
2013 survey to 30%. The findings of the
2013 survey revealed that domestic violence ranks amongst the top four most common
victimizations in Nigeria. Prevalence is
highest in the South East with 43% followed by the South West and the North
East with 35% each. The South-South recorded
a 26% incidence while the North Central and North West recorded the lowest with
19% each.
vi. Attempted Murder
5% of respondents stated
that they were victims of attempted murder. This indicated an increase from the 3%
recorded in 2012. The highest was in the
North East (8%), followed by the South South and North West with 7% each, the South
West (6%), North Central (3%) and South East (2%) had the lowest incidence in
this analysis.
Graph 7 (i): Attempted
Murder
Further analysis of the 5% who responded that they were victims of
attempted murder in 2013, showed that 35% of them said that the incidents occurred
at their own homes.
Graph 7 (ii) Location
of Attempted Murder
vii. Theft of Mobile Phone
Over all, nearly one
in every two respondents, that is 45%, reported being a victim of theft of
mobile phone. Theft of mobile phones remains
the number one crime committed in Nigeria. At the State level, Taraba ranks highest at 64%, followed by Kwara, Abia, Lagos, at 59%, 57%, 55% respectively,
while Kaduna, Ekiti, Nasarawa and Plateau all had scores of 54% each. Lowest ranking were Ogun and Yobe with 23% and
22% respectively.
Graph 8: Theft of Mobile Phones
viii. Car Theft
The Survey revealed
that 4% of respondents have had
their cars stolen in the past one year. The
highest incidence of car theft occurred in the North West (6%), followed by the
South South (5%). The North East and South
West recorded 4% and 3% respectively, while the South East and North Central
recorded 2% and 1% respectively. 35% of
cars were stolen in victims’ homes, 34% near victims’ homes, 19% elsewhere and
12% at their work place or school.
Graph 9(i) Car Theft
Graph 9(ii) Location
where Car Theft Occurs
xi. Armed Violence other than Robbery
Armed violence entails
the use of weapons and physical force to inflict, or attempt to inflict
injuries on another. The results of the
survey indicated that 4% of respondents were victims of armed violence. The highest incidence was in the North East
with 11%, followed by the South South with 9%.
For the other regions, the North Central and North West recorded 3%
while the South West and South East recorded 1%.
Graph 10(i) Armed
Violence by Region
The survey further
indicated that 42% of armed violence occurred near the home, 14% at home and 7%
at work or school. 5% males have been victims of armed violence and 4% females
have been victims of this type of crime in Nigeria.
Graph 10(ii) Armed
Violence by location
4. Service Delivery of
Agencies
i. Reporting
of Crime to the Police
The findings of the
survey revealed that most crimes – 82% – are unreported. Only 2 in 10 (18%) of respondents who suffered crimes
reported to the police. Further analysis
by States shows that the lowest percentage of reports were made in Yobe (6%), Osun
and Zamfara (7% each), Ebonyi (8%), Kaduna (8%), and Anambra (10%). The highest percentage of reports were made in
Edo (45%), Niger (41%), Kogi (34%), Ogun and Kebbi (29%) respectively.
Graph 11: Reporting to
Police by State
ii. Satisfaction with Police Handling of
Cases
Of those who made
reports to the police, when asked about their satisfaction with the way the police
had handled their cases, less than half of them (46%) were satisfied while 39% were
not satisfied, with 15% undecided. The
46% threshold of victims’ satisfaction however is a decrease from the 48%
recorded in 2012. Key reasons given for dissatisfaction
by complainants include police ineffectiveness (76%), inadequate feedback (9%),
bribery and corruption (9%), and police insensitivity (5%).
Graph 12: Satisfaction
Rating of Police Handling of Complaints
iii. Support
for the Removal of Police Check Point
When asked to assess
the Inspector General of Police's directives on the removal of police check
points on the roads, 45% of respondents supported the removal of police check
points on roads while 43% said they opposed it. 12% said they neither supported nor opposed
it.
Graph 13: Support for
the removal of road blocks by Nigerians
iv: Quality of Policing in Nigeria:
59% of the respondents, which is nearly
6 out of 10 Nigerians, were of the opinion that the police is doing a good job,
while 32% believe the police is doing a poor job. 19% were undecided. There has been an improvement in the quality
of policing in the country with positive ratings rising from 50% in 2012 to the
current 59%.
Graph 14: Quality of
Policing in Nigeria
v. Satisfaction with Police Performance
in Controlling Terrorism or Bombings
Just a little less
than half of respondents (49%) interviewed said they were satisfied with the performance
of the police in controlling terrorism or bomb attacks in the country. 32% said they were dissatisfied while 17% said
they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and 2% said they do not know.
Graph 15: Satisfaction
with Police Handling of Terrorism/Bomb Attacks
52% of respondents
said they were satisfied with the way the Federal Government is handling the
issue of terrorism or bomb attacks; 30% were dissatisfied, 16% said they were
neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and 2% said they do not know.
Graph 16 (i): Federal
Government Handling of Terrorism and Bombing Attacks
v. Solving the Problem of Terrorism
A majority of the
respondents (52%) suggested that the Federal Government should strengthen the
capacity of the security agencies or use force to solve the problem caused by
insurgents, 31% were of the view that dialogue will solve the problem of terrorism
in the country, while 20% believed that the combined use of force and dialogue
will solve the problem, and 10% suggested that appeasement with money will
solve the problem.
Graph 16 (ii)
Suggested Solutions to the FG on Handling of Problems of Terrorism
4: Others
i. Demands for Bribes by Government
Officials.
The findings of the
survey indicated that levels of bribery and corruption among government
officials in Nigeria remain high. Nearly
1 out of every 4 respondents (24%) admitted having paid a bribe or having been asked
to pay bribes by government officials before services could be rendered to
them. This is the same as the 24% result
for 2012.
The 2013 survey also showed that bribery and corruption among
public officials such as police, customs officers, court personnel, tax
officials, anti-corruption agencies and PHCN employees were higher in Rivers with
48%, Borno (47%), Cross-River and Niger (both 44%), Gombe (40%), Ebonyi (39%),
Ekiti and Anambra (both 37%) and Kwara, with 36%. These states have incidences far above the
national average of 24%. The lowest incidences were recorded in Katsina (7%)
Ogun (6%) and Akwa-Ibom (5%) States.
Graph 17: Demands for
Bribes by Government Officials by State
Among the public
officials who demanded for bribes, the Police (33%), Immigration (26%), Independent
Corrupt Practices Commission (25%), Custom (24%), and NEPA/PHCN officials (23%)
were the highest.
Graph 17(i) Propensity
of Government Agencies to bribery
ii. Constraints
against Anti Corruption Agencies
The respondents also
identified some major constraints militating against the effectiveness of anti-corruption
agencies in Nigeria. These include
Government insincerity (37%), lack of funds and facilities (32%), corruption of
the EFCC and ICPC officials (20%), and weak and corrupt judiciary (11%).
Graph 18: Reasons for the
ineffectiveness of anti-corruption measures
iii. Ownership of Firearms or guns
At the national level,
2% of respondents admitted owning firearms or guns, with the highest levels in the
South East and North East (both 3%). This represented a decrease from the 5% recorded
at the national level in the 2012 survey. Half (50%) the people who owned guns use them
for personal protection.
Graph 19: Ownership of
Guns across geopolitical zones
For more information
about the National Crime and Safety Victimization Survey in Nigeria please
visit www.cleen.org or send an email to
cleen@cleen.org.
* Presented by 'Kemi Okenyodo,
Executive Director CLEEN Foundation, a non-governmental organisation which aims
to promote public safety, security and accessible justice in Nigeria and West
Africa.
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